Saturday, September 10, 2016
Monday, September 5, 2016
Useful purpose ...
Without engagement from blog readers, this site serves no useful purpose. We will no longer publish research for volume 2 here, but will share it with a couple of informed fellow researchers. If you do not comment here, you will not find a place on the mailing list.
This blog will not die. But it won't present the meat of our research, only side issues or requests for research help.
Posting long, complex research is time consuming, sometimes difficult. Those posts are not appreciated, seemingly not wanted. If they were appreciated, we'd get a comment from you. We don't. I'm not wasting my time presenting that kind of material.
Jerome has several articles in preparation that you will find interesting. Watch for them. That kind of article will continue to appear and so will interesting illustrations. The complex material is going away.
Sunday, September 4, 2016
The Facebook issue never goes away. Facebook is not a secure and safe site. You compromise us and yourself when you link to this blog. DO NOT LINK TO THIS BLOG VIA FACEBOOK. SHOW SOME RESPECT. STOP IT.
Facebook compromises your privacy. It is paternalistic, intrusive and dictatorial. DO NOT BRING IT HERE.
The point of it ...
We post some of our current project here for comments. Hopefully, the comments are educated and informed, though often that's an unreasonable expectation. However, it takes little time for our readers to say whether they liked or hated or were confused by what we post. It hardly seems worth while posting extensive bits of work if it goes unread and unacknowledged.
I don't foresee us continuing the practice. Our readers seem to like fluff history rather than meaty stuff.
Our research is almost totally self-funded from the sale of our book or out of our own pockets. You can help by recommending our books and by leaving reviews on Amazon, Google Books, and Lulu.
Friday, September 2, 2016
Basil Stephanoff and the work in European Turkey
Rough draft, temporary post. This will change. Don't rely on it. It's preliminary. Usual rules. You may make a copy for yourself. Do not circulate it. Use this information cuatiously, knowing it will change in final form.
updated:
updated:
European Turkey
The map of Europe as it was in 1880
hardly resembles that of today. Much of Eastern Europe was controlled by an
oppressive Turkish government whose representatives robbed, raped and murdered
Christians. Regional nationalism embroiled western governments. And at first
autonomy and then independence came to that area. Jehovah’s Witnesses:
Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom, a nominally anonymous Watch Tower
publication, reported that, “During the late 1880’s, Basil Stephanoff had
preached in Macedonia, in what was then European Turkey. Although some had
seemed to show interest, certain ones who professed to be brothers made false
reports, leading to his imprisonment.”[1]
This
is all drawn from two letters appearing in Zion’s Watch Tower. The real
story is far more colorful and certainly more complex – and in places very hard
to follow. Born in May 1862, in Macedonia,[2]
then ruled by Turkey, we encounter him first in the June 1888, Watch Tower.
Writing to Russell, he reported on his mission work in Macedonia:
remainder of this post has been deletedMy German is very poor
But here is what I get out of the post below. Please refine this if you can:
A letter from Macedonia. –
Several years ago, Basil Stephanoff, a citizen of Macedonia in the European Turkey, came to this country to learn English and to learn the religion and the laws and statutes
of our country. He visited Elkhart and spent some time here. He visited the various communities and preached in several
places. Afterwards, he returned to his home. We publish a letter we recently received from him, which will no doubt interest our readers.
Monastir, Macedonia, European Turkey,
January 31,
1888.
Beloved brother in Christ:
I thank you for your kindness in regularly sending me the "Herald of Truth.” It
offers much that is interesting. It contains articles full of encouragement and truth. The Lord bless your faith and life’s work.
Our work is progressing well. In the near future, I intend to support one or two [???Onlyborn???] and four other American missionaries. We trust in God for all our needs. Even though I've already been through fiery trials, so far the Lord hasn’t left us. God’s grace is sufficient and the cross is my protection and fortress.
Our work is progressing well. In the near future, I intend to support one or two [???Onlyborn???] and four other American missionaries. We trust in God for all our needs. Even though I've already been through fiery trials, so far the Lord hasn’t left us. God’s grace is sufficient and the cross is my protection and fortress.
Last Sunday morning (29 Jan) I preached from Acts 17 about the "unknown God". About two
hundred listeners gathered
under my roof. The subject was principally
about God, nature, and the Bible. In the evening the missionary accompanying me discussed GAL. 3. 18. The people were very interested. God be
praised that the truth which was once proclaimed by the Saints in the dear old Macedonia again will be preached!
I hope that yours are all healthy. I am glad to know that your work is thriving. Could you send me a copy of your new book
'Martyrs Mirror' (MärtyrerSpiegel)?... Continue
to send me the "Herald." We intend to publish soon a tract
explaining our beliefs, but we don't know if the Turkish Government will give us permission to do so.
We need a good English translation of this
Ein Brief aus Macedonien. – Vor mehreren Jahren kam Basil Stephanoff, ein
Eingeborner von Macedonien im europäischen Theile der Türkei, nach
diesem Lande, um die englische Sprache zu erlernen und mit der Religion
und den Gesetzen und Ordnungen unseres Landes bekannt zu werden. Er
besuchte Elkhart und hielt sich einige Zeit hier auf. Er besuchte die
verschiedenen Gemeinden und predigte an mehreren Stellen. Nachher kehrte
er wieder nach seiner Heimath zurück. Wir veröffentlichen hier einen
Brief, den wir neulich von ihm erhalten, welcher unsere Leser ohne
Zweifel interessieren wird.
M on a stir, Macedonien, europäische )
Türkei, 31. Januar 1888.
Türkei, 31. Januar 1888.
Geliebter Bruder in Christo:
Ich danke dir für deine Güte, daß du mir den „Herold der Wahrheit“ regelmäßig zusendest. Er bietet mir viel Interessantes dar. Er enthält Artikel voller Aufmunterung und Wahrheit. Der Herr segne dich in deinem Glaubens- und Liebeswerke. Unser Werk hat guten Fortgang. Ich habe vier andere Missionare aus Amerika bei mir und gedenke in Bälde einen oder zwei Eingeborne zu unterstützen. Wir vertrauen auf Gott für alle unsere Bedürfniffe. Bisher hat uns der Herr nicht verlaffen, obwohl ich schon feurige Prüfungen durchgemacht habe. Die Gnade Gottes ist genügend und das Kreuz ein Schutz- und Bergungsort für mich.
Letzten Sonntagmorgen (29. Jan.) predigte ich über Apftg. 17 von dem „unbekannten Gott“. Es hatten sich circa zweihundert Zuhörer unter meinem Dach versammelt. Der Gegenstand war hauptsächlich von Gott, der Natur und der Bibel. Abends redete der mich begleitende Missionar über Gal. 3. 18. Das Volk war sehr interessiert. Gottlob, daß nun wieder die Wahrheit, die einst den Heiligen im lieben alten Macedonien verkündigt wurde, nun wieder vorgetragen wird! Ich hoffe, daß die Deinigen alle gesund sind. Es freut mich zu erfahren, daß euer Werk so gutes Gedeihen hat. Könntest du mir ein Exemplar eures neuen Buches “Martyrs Mirror” (MärtyrerSpiegel) zuschicken ?..... Schicke mir den „Herold“ noch ferner zu. Wir gedenken bald ein Blatt nach unserem Glauben zu veröffentlichen, doch wissen wir noch nicht, ob die türkische Regierung uns Erlaubniß dazu geben wird. Mit herzlicher Liebe und Gruß verbleibe ich euer
Bajil Stephan off.
David D. Paterson
We do not have details yet, but believe he associated with Barbour up to 1878. If you have the pdf files of the Herald of the Morning for the early years, will you please read through them for any reference to D. D. Paterson.
Thursday, September 1, 2016
Basil Stephanoff again.
We now know that Stephanoff was in America in 1885. We do not know how or when he got there? Anyone?
We need a volunteer to ...
transcribe the article entitled Mrs. Gilbert's Mission found here
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1889-02-24/ed-1/seq-3.pdf
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1889-02-24/ed-1/seq-3.pdf
Wednesday, August 31, 2016
From the Comment Trail
A brief mention of Viola Gilbert from a chapter on the book Plan of the Ages:
Bill Arp’s endorsement was used to promote the book to
other editors.
Charles Henry
Smith, Writing as Bill Arp, Reviewed
The Plan of the
Ages for the Atlanta Constitution
[Photo]
A
Viola Gilbert, the widow of a wealthy New Yorker,[1]
used it to approach The Brooklyn Eagle. Her
success was limited, however. The paper only printed a single sentence: “Viola
Gilbert, New York, announces “Millennial Dawn, the Plan of the Ages,” which is
vouched for by no less a journalistic authority than “Bill Arp.”[2] Following
her February 1888 endorsement of Millennial Dawn, she organized a
meeting at Cooper Union. The New York Daily Tribune reported:
Mrs. Viola Gilbert
spoke in the large meeting-room at Cooper Union yesterday on “The Plan of the
Ages,” and explained by means of charts her ideas of the restitution of man to
his original normal spiritual condition. Mrs. Gilbert is a slender woman, with
a head that an artist would long to paint. She has mobile, refined and delicate
features, while she speaks with an emotion that tends to carry conviction. The
fall of man she interpreted for mankind’s good, as because of it man is to be
restored, not only to the plane from which Adam fell, but it is to be elevated
to a spiritual and finally a divine plane. The evangelistic services conducted
by Mrs. Gilbert are made interesting from the delicacy, grace and tact with
which she conducts them The millennium exists around man now, she holds, and
all that he needs to realize it is to place himself in harmony with the Divine
mind. This will result in physical as well as spiritual health.[3]
[1] Viola Gilbert’s name does not
appear in Zion’s Watch Tower, and
little is known about her. A letter from her to the editor of The New York Times appears in the April 13, 1899, issue. She signed
herself as “Viola Gilbert, Evangelist.” The letter was a comment on
wife-beating as endorsed by a judge in St. Louis.
She published at least one tract against Christian Science after having
“studied with” Mary Baker Eddy. The Christian Science Church denied the claim
that she had studied with Eddy. (Letter to “Mul,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 26, 1901.) She did not continue
her association with Zion’s Watch Tower, but
remained independent until 1902 when she re-joined Plymouth
Church, New York City. (The New York Sun, May 5, 1902)
Gilbert
rejected inherent immortality doctrine. In 1890 she preached at Zion’s
Temple on Fulton Street
in Brooklyn, often on topics familiar to Second
Adventists and Age-to-Come believers. Gilbert was noted for standing on the
street representing her pet causes by holding a tall cross festooned with
purple streamers. A reporter for the New York Sun wrote: “Her refined
appearance and her tall cross with its purple streamers and urgent message
attracted the attention of even the least observant of the throngs of shippers
hurrying by.” (See the October 6, 1901,
issue.) By 1891 she was involved with the Progressive Party and a delegate to
the Pennsylvania Yearly Meeting of Progressive Friends. She is quoted in the
report as saying: “I have worked in the missionary field a long time, have pointed
out the way to Christ to many different persons, but they can't live on faith.
The condition of affairs is constantly growing worse. I see before us a great
revolution. The rich are growing richer and the poor poorer. Faith and works
must go together.” – Report, page 72.
[2] Brooklyn Daily
Eagle, February 5, 1888.
Untitled paragraph.
[3] Explaining the “Divine Plan of the
Ages,” The New York Daily Tribune, March 16, 1888.
Tuesday, August 30, 2016
We need a volunteer
... to transcribe the article about the Children of Zion found here http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FPhiladelphia%2520PA%2520Inquirer%2FPhiladelphia%2520PA%2520Inquirer%25201881%2FPhiladelphia%2520PA%2520Inquirer%25201881%2520-%25201310.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2F29323b19334f08c4309eab842728dffe#page=1
Into word format text. Anyone? We need it quickly as possible.
done. thanks.
Into word format text. Anyone? We need it quickly as possible.
done. thanks.
Wednesday, August 24, 2016
Really Important
Basil Stephanoff gets short mention in Proclaimers. He was active in Macedonia (European Turkey) and Bulgaria in the late 1880s. He was imprisoned because (he claimed) false testimony at the hands of false brethren. He escaped to America, settling in Michigan. He was still a Watch Tower adherent in 1894, but drifted away by 1903 when we find him involved with the Masons and on his way back to Macedonia to fight against the Turks. A religious journal calls him a General in the Macedonian resistance.
We need a more solid biography. Anything, no matter how minor, will help.
Update:
We don't often find photos of the characters who play their part in Watch Tower history, but ... Here is Basil Stephanoff ...
Another newspaper picture of Stephanoff
Email about a history journal article
Besides me (Y. Dyuo),
Ambassador and former minister of foreign affairs Liberia, Christopher
Minikon, read the article. He is a historian and used to teach Liberian
history in Liberia and abroad. Upon reading, we found that the article
was incredibly informative and detailed.
Ambassador
Minikon read and said "From what I know
off hand, things seem accurate and fair. While giving incredible insight
into matters that usually aren't talked about."
Tuesday, August 23, 2016
Attention Korea Telecom Visitors
한국인들은 여기 환영 하지 않습니다.
hangug-indeul-eun yeogi hwan-yeong haji anhseubnida.
For puzzled English readers, this is an invitation to the
Korean
spammers to get lost in a distant forest.
I think ...
That you misunderstood my previous post. We have no intention of abbreviating anything. The issue is format. And to a lesser extent timing. So, restated: We can issue a volume 2 roughly the size of volume 1. It would cost approximately the same as vol 1 does. Volume 3 would come later.
Or we can finish our current outline; that's about seven more chapters. It will be a bigger book. It would cost more. We're uncertain how much more, but more than I would willingly pay.
We have no intention, either way, of abbreviating our research. Does this alter your opinion?
Or we can finish our current outline; that's about seven more chapters. It will be a bigger book. It would cost more. We're uncertain how much more, but more than I would willingly pay.
We have no intention, either way, of abbreviating our research. Does this alter your opinion?
Monday, August 22, 2016
So ....
We've looked over the accumulating pile of manuscript pages and have decisions to make. The point of our work is to preserve a detailed history of the Watch Tower movement's earliest years. Detail is important to our story. We hope that others, based on our honest, detailed narrative, will be able to tell a more abbreviated story that is accurate and faithful to the underlying documents.
Our initial goal was a single volume history. We did not anticipate a two volume work, mostly because we did not appreciate the depth of the available record. When we saw that we had a complete single volume with more to go, we published volume one of Separate Identity. Academic acceptance has been slow coming, but increasingly we get good reviews and favorable mentions in the work of others. ... And we plod on with volume two.
Except, looking over the manuscript pile [it's really in a three-ring binder], we conclude that volume two will be massively large and too expensive to buy - or we will have a volume three before we're done. I'd like your reaction.
We are within four chapters of having a 'finished' volume 2. They are some of the hardest to research and write, but we can change focus and write them next. The plan was to write two chapters on the divisions of 1881-1882 next. Those chapters would fall into a third volume. What we have left for a completed volume two are chapters on Starting and Promoting Zion's Watch Tower; Continued Controversy with Barbour et. al. [Much more here than you may think.]; Promoting a Public Ministry; Approach to 1881.
So ... What do you think. We need your input and fairly quickly.
Our initial goal was a single volume history. We did not anticipate a two volume work, mostly because we did not appreciate the depth of the available record. When we saw that we had a complete single volume with more to go, we published volume one of Separate Identity. Academic acceptance has been slow coming, but increasingly we get good reviews and favorable mentions in the work of others. ... And we plod on with volume two.
Except, looking over the manuscript pile [it's really in a three-ring binder], we conclude that volume two will be massively large and too expensive to buy - or we will have a volume three before we're done. I'd like your reaction.
We are within four chapters of having a 'finished' volume 2. They are some of the hardest to research and write, but we can change focus and write them next. The plan was to write two chapters on the divisions of 1881-1882 next. Those chapters would fall into a third volume. What we have left for a completed volume two are chapters on Starting and Promoting Zion's Watch Tower; Continued Controversy with Barbour et. al. [Much more here than you may think.]; Promoting a Public Ministry; Approach to 1881.
So ... What do you think. We need your input and fairly quickly.
ONCE AGAIN ...
Please do not link to this blog through Facebook, tumblr or pinerest. Twitter is okay. WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO GET YOUR ATTENTION? NO FACEBOOK LINKS, NO COPYING TO PINTEREST. Show some respect, please.
Sunday, August 21, 2016
Kinemo Films again
Recently on this blog, there have been two articles on the 1922 issued Kinemo films, all of which present the beliefs of the Bible Students at that time, and feature J F Rutherford - albeit fleetingly - in some of the footage. For those who would like to see the films they are now on YouTube, courtesy of Brian, who who has painstakingly re-photographed every frame and made them available again after all these years.
Imperial Valley
The Great Pyramid
Palestine
If any new readers want background information on these
films which were marketed with the approval of the Watch Tower Society with a
write-up in The Golden Age magazine, please punch in Kinemo in the Search box
of this blog.
Thursday, August 18, 2016
Tuesday, August 16, 2016
Monday, August 15, 2016
Temporary Post
Bruce said to post this partially written material. We hope for helpful comments, though I personally don't expect any. ... If we found this difficult going, most of our readers will find it unfamiliar ground too. But 'hope springs eternal.'
Usual rules. You may copy for your own use. Do not share it. It will go away in a few days. Do not rely on it as is. It will change. It is unfinished research. Because something appears on the Internet does not mean it's accurate. That's true of our research as well. Expect corrections in the final product. Enjoy; comment!
Usual rules. You may copy for your own use. Do not share it. It will go away in a few days. Do not rely on it as is. It will change. It is unfinished research. Because something appears on the Internet does not mean it's accurate. That's true of our research as well. Expect corrections in the final product. Enjoy; comment!
Liberia
A
letter from Harper, Cape Palmas, Liberia, appeared in the June 1884, issue of Zion’s
Watch Tower. Dated April 29th, it was from a one-time Episcopal
clergyman who had received a copy of Food for Thinking Christians:
DEAR
BROTHER: – Having accidentally met with the little pamphlet published by you,
entitled “Food for Thinking Christians,” and having carefully read it more than
once, I am deeply interested in it, believing I get through it a clearer and more
correct knowledge of the teaching of God's holy word than I ever had before. I
am constrained to avail myself of your very liberal offer, and ask you to send
to my address some copies for distribution among some of my friends and
neighbors, who I think will make a judicious and profitable use of them. I
should be also very thankful for a few of the tracts, entitled “The Tabernacle
and Its Teachings.” Wishing you abundant success in your efforts for the good
of mankind, I beg to remain, with assurance of high esteem, yours very
respectfully,
Later
comments reveal this to be from Samuel W. Seton. Seton was a native Grebo born
in Maryland County, Liberia. His exact birth date is unknown though it was
sometime in the 1830s. His original name was Samuel Tobe Kade. He was educated
at Protestant Episcopal mission schools and given the surname Seton at his
baptism. Early in life he was “a seaman and a warrior,” but he turned to
religion in the 1860s, serving first as a catechist. He and Samuel D. Ferguson
were ordained Episcopal deacons in 1865.[1]
Their relationship is part of this story, and we meet Ferguson again. Seton was
ordained a priest in 1868. In the early 1870s he journeyed inland, preaching to
unconverted natives.[2]
As a
native-born Liberian, Seton was despised by the Americo-Liberians, American-born
or the descendants of American-born blacks who ruled the country. Jane Martin’s
excellent biographical treatment of Seton notes that no Americo-Liberian ever
asked an educated Grebo tribe member to dinner, “not even Rev. Seton.” Seton
sought a return to tribal sovereignty, co-founding in 1873 the Grebo
Confederacy, an attempt to unite the Grebo and reassert tribal soverignty. He
opposed central government authority and some claimed he “was on the
battlefield during armed conflict with the government” in 1875. Seton denied
participating in the fighting, but he was a Grebo peace negotiator in 1876
the remainder of this post was deleted.
the remainder of this post was deleted.
Thursday, August 11, 2016
Another puzzle ...
We need a basic biography for Felix R. Bunot, teacher at Hoffman Station, Liberia in the 1870s.
Correction: His name is Felix R. Brunot.
Wednesday, August 10, 2016
MORE KINEMO
A previous article has shown frames from the two Kinemo films on Palestine and Egypt. The third film sold with the kit was Imperial Valley, a documentary about transforming part of California into paradise-like conditions. It was thought that J F Rutherford did not appear in this film as it was not part of his foreign travels in 1920-21. However, a close examination of what survives of this film shows one shot that appears to be him.
Now if only someone can find the film of the 1922 Cedar Point, Ohio, convention that was marketed by another company as compatible with the Kinemo system, that would be a real find. However, when Kinemo owners were all trying to sell on their kits up to the mid-1920s in newspapers like The New Era Enterprise, it was only the three original films, alas, on offer.
Monday, August 8, 2016
Another puzzle to solve
We have tentatively identified the people mentioned here. Can you do better?
He sought reinstatement in 1882, but this was denied. He
reactivated his appeal in 1885, and this appeal was still pending when he resigned from
the Episcopal Church. Russell sent Seton regular literature shipments,
including back issues of Zion’s Watch Tower. One of these was the September
1884 issue. It persuaded Seton and his closest associates to withdraw from the
Protestant Episcopal Church. He wrote to Russell, describing the event: “I am
glad to inform you that we, viz: Hon. J. T. G. [Joseph T. Gibson], the superintendent
of our county, C. T. B. [Perhaps C. T. Bruno], George H. C. [Perhaps George H.
Coleman], and myself – met at Brother G.'s residence on the first inst., and
duly recognized ourselves as part of the Church of Christ, after reading the
article ‘The Ecclesia,’ published in Z.W.T. of Sept. 1884.”[1] Though
only these four are mentioned, there were ten adherents in total all derived
from Seton’s congregation and all of them Watch Tower subscribers. They
called their new congregation the African Evangelical Church of Christ.[2]
Can you help solve this puzzle?
We’re
seldom introduced to other Liberian interest. Seton’s letter takes us to the
name of another reading and circulating Watch Tower material: “A recent letter from
Bro. C. J. George to me, in reference to the Church of Christ, ... says: ‘When
you communicate to America you will not fail to remind Bro. Russell of the
interest that is being awakened at L___, and also to send me a few more of his
tracts (assorted), missionary envelopes, and a copy of the Emphatic Diaglott.’”
C. J.
George’s identity is uncertain. There are two possibilities. Christopher J. George
was a mission school teacher at Cape Palmas about 1885, and thus someone Seton
would have known. He was educated in mission schools in Sierra Leone, but
served in various ways the Protestant Episcopal Church in Liberia. However,
Seton’s letter suggests that C. J. George was resident outside of Liberia. Charles
Joseph George was a native trader in Lagos, Nigeria and a member of the
Legislative Counsel. He connects to Seton through Blythe.[1] The
“L____” of Seton’s letter may be Lagos, Nigeria. When Seton wrote in 1890,
George was a member of the legislative council and in contact with Blythe. We
lack sufficient documentation to make a positive identification.
[1] At Cape Palmas: Annual Report of the Board of Missions for the Fiscal Year, Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 1885, page 97. Legislative council: R. W. July: The Origin of Modern African Thought, Africa World Press, Trenton, New Jersey, 2004 edition, page 230.
Update of sorts.
We've contacted the archive that has the Seton letters and other material relevant to the Watch Tower presence in Liberia in the 1880s, requesting access to a total of eleven documents. Typically this archive takes several weeks to reply.
We've asked for material written by the principals. These include Bishop Ferguson who appears unfavorably in a Watch Tower article; Seton whose name is sometimes misspelled by Russell as Seaton; Gibson who is mentioned in the Yearbook history of Liberia; and several others.
Additionally, several relevant items are in the Library of Congress. We haven't contacted them yet. I'll keep you posted. When Mr. Schulz worked on a history project prior to 1993, the Library of Congress provided enthusiastic help. This cooperative attitude has faded.
We have a partially written subheading considering this history, but its contents are taken from secondary sources. We question the accuracy of some of these. We want the original documents, believing that they will enlarge the story. We hope that they will replace fable with an accurate story in the same manner that the Randle letters did for the story we tell about the China missions.
We need a good photo of Seton. He used the Anglicized name Samuel W. Seton. His Gebo [tribal] name was Tobe Kade, and he was sometimes called by nicknames.
Saturday, August 6, 2016
We need to raise some funds
We need to raise some funds (don't know how much yet) to buy scans of S. W. Seton's letters from the Library of Congress. We want his resignation letter from the Protestant Episcopal Church of Liberia and all of his letters circulating Watch Tower publications.
Just so you know
As his health allows, Bruce maintains a low level email exchange with some. His .edu email is down for upgrades. Don't expect to hear from him for about a week.
A bit more on James Augustus Weimar
In
Bernard’s recent article on James Augustus Weimar it is noted that Wiemar (a
Society director for a short time) ceased association with the Bible Students
and joined the Koreshian movement.
One
Cyrus Teed renamed himself Koresh and as a Messiah-like figure formed a New
Jerusalem community in Estero, Florida. The historical remains of this are now
a national park. He had some unusual ideas including that the earth is hollow
and humans live inside it with the sun like a giant battery in the middle. (One
wonders if Edgar Rice Burroughs, author of the Tarzan books, got his idea for
his Pellucidar series from reading Koresh.)
Teed/Koresh
died in 1908, as a result of injuries sustained in a fight between his commune
and outsiders. Having claimed he would be raised to heaven, his followers kept
vigil over his body until the public health people stepped in. His tomb was
destroyed in a hurricane in 1910 and his coffin washed out to sea and lost.
Words like bizarre come to mind.
Weimer’s
connection was not just as an observer. The Koreshians published a magazine,
The Flaming Sword, which ran until 1949. As the next three pictures show, in this
volume from 1914 Weimar was part of their editorial committee and also
translator of their works into German.
There
is no author given for the article in question. However, an article carrying
Weimar’s name in this same volume shows that as one of the inner circle he
practiced celibacy. As Bernard’s article noted, his wife divorced him in 1898.
At
some point Weimar published a book entitled “The Divine and Biblical
Credentials of Dr. Cyrus R. Teed (Koresh)”. Modern reprints have the title “Koreshanity,
the New Age Religion”.
All
in all, one gets the impression that CTR was probably quite relieved when
Weimar parted company with the Watch Tower Society.
Thursday, August 4, 2016
Horace Randle again
In 1897, Randle wrote, had printed and circulated a handbill among missionaries in China. We have the text, but would like to have a clear can of the original. Anyone?
If you want to help and have ...
If you have any original documentation you think we lack, please contact us. The story best comes from the participants. Here is an example ...
Horace Randle's resignation from the Southern Baptist Mission.
Tuesday, August 2, 2016
KINEMO
by Jerome
The September 13, 1922
issue of Golden Age carried the following advertisement for the Kinemo Kit
Corporation. They had produced three films (and a projector to match) which
could be bought by Bible Students to show films in homes and small gatherings.
The managing director
of Kinemo was George Chester Driscoll (1858-1941). He had previously managed
the Pastor Russell Lecture Bureau and was one of the Bible Students involved in
the Mena Film Company’s film Restitution (1918) that featured on this blog a
few weeks ago.
In the August 15, 1920
Watchtower, it was announced that after a month long tour of Britain, J F
Rutherford would visit Europe, and then “he will also go to Palestine and
Egypt, and will be accompanied to Athens, Palestine and Egypt by Brother
Driscoll and other brethren with a moving picture apparatus for the purpose of
making moving pictures of actual scenes of...things of Biblical interest.” The
results would be used for witnessing, and readers would be able to purchase
both films and special projector in due course.
The October 1, 1921
Watchtower announced that the films had been duly made and exhibited in
standard format at a number of locations, and now the Kinemo Kit Corporation
(with Driscoll as manager) would handle orders for films and projectors. The
Watchtower commented: “While the Society cannot engage in the manufacture and
sale...yet it is the desire of the Society that every possible means for
teaching the truth be employed.”
There was then quite a
delay - nearly a year - before the above advertisement for films and projectors
appeared in the September 13, 1922 Golden Age. Public showings in 35mm had
obviously continued in the meantime because according to a report in the New
Era Enterprise for May 30, 1922, a 5-reel version of the Palestine film and a
3-reel version of the Imperial Valley film were shown to a full house of 1500 at
a convention session at Moose Hall, Philadelphia, on April 14, 1922. At the famous
September Cedar Point Ohio convention the films were shown out of doors in the
grove on a large screen, along with a tantalizing supporting feature. According
to the New Era Enterprise for October 31, 1922: “The pictures included views of
the Bible House and other organization buildings and offices in Brooklyn, the
Bethel Home, etc., the printing and binding of booklets and pamphlets etc.” Now
that would be footage worth discovering.
When the Golden Age
advertised the Kinemo films and projectors, George Driscoll wrote a two page
article in the same issue about the project entitled “Visualizing Fulfilled
Prophecies”. Most of the article is about technical issues. The films were on
safety stock rather than nitrate, which meant you did not need a fireproof
booth for the projectionist, and there was little danger of an audience being
burnt to a cinder in the privacy of their own homes.
It was planned to add
further films to the initial three, but nothing more appeared in the Watchtower
or Golden Age, and only one more advertisement appeared in the pages of the
Enterprise. In the October 3, 1922 issue the Instructo Cinema Services of
Chicago offered a 400 foot reel of highlights of the Cedar Point convention, to
be used with the Kinemo equipment. The advertisement was reprinted in the
November 28, 1922 issue. Again, that would be footage worth discovering if it
still exists.
Below are some frames
from two of the original Kinemo films. First is the film on Palestine, which
concentrated on the Jews returning to the land, and, as they saw it, fulfilling
prophesy.
J F Rutherford is seen boarding the latest in airplane technology.
Then surveying the horizon
...and visiting an estate manager's office.
And next some frames
from the film on the Great Pyramid, showing J F Rutherford exiting from the
pyramid. It was obviously rather hot in there.
So what happened to
Kinemo? There is evidence that Driscoll ceased fellowship with the IBSA at some
point. But probably the biggest problem was the size of film used. Kinemo used
a special system of 17.5mm film stock - basically standard 35mm split down the
middle. (Much like the amateur gauge of standard 8mm was 16mm stock split down
the middle with extra sprocket holes added.) Kinemo films needed their own
special projector to show them. And in 1923 the 16mm gauge was introduced for
small audience projection, which soon took over and blew 17.5mm out of the
water. (Between 1923-1925 the Enterprise ran a number of small ads from Kinemo
owners who were now trying to sell on the equipment and films.) When Pathe in
France tried to reintroduce 17.5mm film in the late 1920s, it was not
compatible with earlier versions, and soon died the death again. And by the
1930s the Watch Tower Society was no longer teaching that literal Israel or the
Great Pyramid fulfilled prophesy, so the subject matter would only appeal to
Bible Students outside of the IBSA.
Moving pictures bring
the past to life. It is hoped that modern audiences may one day be able to see
some of these early attempts in the wake of the Photodrama to use the medium of
film to spread their message.